Records are kept of the best performances in specific events, at world, continental, and national levels, right down to a personal level. World Athletics, formerly known as the International Association of Athletics Federations, is the international governing body for the sport of athletics. In modern times, the two most prestigious international track and field competitions are the athletics competition at the Olympic Games and the World Athletics Championships.

In ancient times, it was an event held in conjunction with festivals and sports meets such as the Ancient Olympic Games in Greece. Track and field is one of the oldest sports. If a race has too many people to run all at once, preliminary heats will be run to narrow down the field of participants. Recently, “mixed” relay events have been introduced into meets, whereby two men and two women make up the four-person team. Events are almost exclusively divided by gender, although both the men's and women's competitions are usually held at the same venue. Most track and field events are individual sports with a single victor the most prominent team events are relay races, which typically feature teams of four. In these, athletes participate in a combination of track and field events. There are also 'combined events' or 'multi events', such as the pentathlon consisting of five events, heptathlon consisting of seven events, and decathlon consisting of ten events. Regular jumping events include long jump, triple jump, high jump, and pole vault, while the most common throwing events are shot put, javelin, discus, and hammer. The jumping and throwing events are won by those who achieve the greatest distance or height.

The foot racing events, which include sprints, middle- and long-distance events, racewalking, and hurdling, are won by the athlete who completes it in the least time. Track and field is categorized under the umbrella sport of athletics, which also includes road running, cross country running, and racewalking. The name is derived from where the sport takes place, a running track and a grass field for the throwing and some of the jumping events. Track and field is a sport that includes athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing skills.

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